![]() A later variant used for research work is now termed Smalltalk-72 and influenced the development of the Actor model. The first version, termed Smalltalk-71, was created by Kay in a few mornings on a bet that a programming language based on the idea of message passing inspired by Simula could be implemented in "a page of code". Smalltalk was the product of research led by Alan Kay at Xerox Palo Alto Research Center (PARC) Alan Kay designed most of the early Smalltalk versions, Adele Goldberg wrote most of the documentation, and Dan Ingalls implemented most of the early versions. The first hardware-environments which run the Smalltalk VMs were Xerox Alto computers. The unqualified word Smalltalk is often used to indicate the Smalltalk-80 language, the first version to be made publicly available and created in 1980. ![]() There are a large number of Smalltalk variants. Smalltalk took second place for "most loved programming language" in the Stack Overflow Developer Survey in 2017, but it was not among the 26 most loved programming languages of the 2018 survey. ANSI Smalltalk was ratified in 1998 and represents the standard version of Smalltalk. Smalltalk-like languages are in active development and have gathered loyal communities of users around them. The language was first generally released as Smalltalk-80. It was designed and created in part for educational use, specifically for constructionist learning, at the Learning Research Group (LRG) of Xerox PARC by Alan Kay, Dan Ingalls, Adele Goldberg, Ted Kaehler, Diana Merry, Scott Wallace, and others during the 1970s. ![]() Smalltalk is an object-oriented, dynamically typed reflective programming language. Lisp, Simula, Euler, IMP, Planner, Logo, Sketchpad, ARPAnet, Burroughs B5000 ĪppleScript, Common Lisp Object System, Dart, Dylan, Erlang, Etoys, Go, Groovy, Io, Ioke, Java, Lasso, Logtalk, Newspeak, NewtonScript, Object REXX, Objective-C, PHP 5, Python, Raku, Ruby, Scala, Scratch, Self, Swift ![]() Amber, Dolphin Smalltalk, GemStone/S, GNU Smalltalk, Pharo, Smalltalk/X, Squeak, Cuis, Haver, VA Smalltalk, VisualWorks ![]()
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